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#academics

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Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 💻 **Are chatbots reliable text annotators? Sometimes**

“_Given the unreliable performance of ChatGPT and the significant challenges it poses to Open Science, we advise caution when using ChatGPT for substantive text annotation tasks._”

Ross Deans Kristensen-McLachlan, Miceal Canavan, Marton Kárdos, Mia Jacobsen, Lene Aarøe, Are chatbots reliable text annotators? Sometimes, PNAS Nexus, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2025, pgaf069, doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #LargeLanguageModels #LLMS #Chatbots #Technology #Tech #Data #Annotation #Academia #Academics @ai

A) Accuracy (i.e. percentage of correct predictions) and B) F1 scores by model type, prompt type, and zero or few shot.
OUP AcademicAre chatbots reliable text annotators? SometimesAbstract. Recent research highlights the significant potential of ChatGPT for text annotation in social science research. However, ChatGPT is a closed-sour
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DoomsdaysCW

#LawrenceBritt #CharacteristicsOfFascism Numbers 1 and 11...

1. Powerful and Continuing #Nationalism
Fascist regimes tend to make constant use of #patriotic mottos, slogans, symbols, songs, and other paraphernalia. #Flags are seen everywhere, as are flag symbols on clothing and in public displays.

11. Disdain for #Intellectuals and the #Arts
Fascist nations tend to promote and tolerate open hostility to #HigherEducation and academia. It is not uncommon for professors and other #academics to be censored or even arrested. Free expression in the arts is openly attacked, and governments often refuse to fund the arts.

Trump targets 'anti-American ideology' at Smithsonian museums

by Max Matza, 3/27/2025

"US President Donald Trump has signed an executive order targeting the Smithsonian Institution, which operates more than 20 museums and research centres visited by millions yearly in Washington DC and New York City.

"The order directs the vice-president to 'eliminate improper, divisive, or anti-American ideology' from the institute's museums, centres and the National Zoo in Washington.

"It also directs the interior secretary to restore federal properties, including parks, memorials and statues, which 'have been improperly removed or changed in the last five years to perpetuate a false revision of history'.

"The move is part of Trump's effort to shape American culture, in addition to politics."

Read more:
bbc.com/news/articles/cdjy1jmv
#ChristoFascism #ChristianRight #USPol #Fascism #Authoritarianism #Fascists #TurdReich

An overhead view of buildings in Washington DC. There is snow on the ground
www.bbc.comTrump targets 'anti-American ideology' at Smithsonian museumsThe order says that "divisive narratives" must be purged from the US museums and research centres.
Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 💻 **“Turning right”? An experimental study on the political value shift in large language models**

“_Our findings reveal that while newer versions of ChatGPT consistently maintain values within the libertarian-left quadrant, there is a statistically significant rightward shift in political values over time, a phenomenon we term a ‘value shift’ in large language models._”

Liu, Y., Panwang, Y. & Gu, C. “Turning right”? An experimental study on the political value shift in large language models. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 12, 179 (2025). doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-044.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Rightwing #Politics #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #Technology #Tech #LLMS #Academia #Academics @ai

Public
Politics Canada

Yale scholars flee U.S. for University of Toronto “They're tearing down our entire government here. They're ripping it to pieces. They're targeting vulnerable populations, and they're promoting tax cuts as their only solution to every social problem. Jason Stanley, professor and author #fascism #trump #authoritarian #academics #yale #education #freedom insidehighered.com/news/facult

Inside Higher Ed | Higher Education News, Events and JobsFascism Scholars, Trump Critics Leave Yale for CanadaJason Stanley, decrying Columbia University’s capitulation to the federal government, is leaving for the University of Toronto. So is Marci Shore, who said she fears “civil war.” Timothy Snyder says his motivations were largely personal.
Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **Monitoring Reasoning Models for Misbehavior and the Risks of Promoting Obfuscation**

“_While we show that integrating CoT monitors into the reinforcement learning reward can indeed produce more capable and more aligned agents in the low optimization regime, we find that with too much optimization, agents learn obfuscated reward hacking, hiding their intent within the CoT while still exhibiting a significant rate of reward hacking._”

Baker, B. et al. (2025) Monitoring reasoning models for misbehavior and the risks of promoting obfuscation. arxiv.org/abs/2503.11926.

#AI #ArtificialIntelligence #LLM #LLMS #ComputerScience #Obfuscation #Preprint #Academia #Academics @ai @computerscience

arXiv logo
arXiv.orgMonitoring Reasoning Models for Misbehavior and the Risks of Promoting ObfuscationMitigating reward hacking--where AI systems misbehave due to flaws or misspecifications in their learning objectives--remains a key challenge in constructing capable and aligned models. We show that we can monitor a frontier reasoning model, such as OpenAI o3-mini, for reward hacking in agentic coding environments by using another LLM that observes the model's chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. CoT monitoring can be far more effective than monitoring agent actions and outputs alone, and we further found that a LLM weaker than o3-mini, namely GPT-4o, can effectively monitor a stronger model. Because CoT monitors can be effective at detecting exploits, it is natural to ask whether those exploits can be suppressed by incorporating a CoT monitor directly into the agent's training objective. While we show that integrating CoT monitors into the reinforcement learning reward can indeed produce more capable and more aligned agents in the low optimization regime, we find that with too much optimization, agents learn obfuscated reward hacking, hiding their intent within the CoT while still exhibiting a significant rate of reward hacking. Because it is difficult to tell when CoTs have become obfuscated, it may be necessary to pay a monitorability tax by not applying strong optimization pressures directly to the chain-of-thought, ensuring that CoTs remain monitorable and useful for detecting misaligned behavior.
Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **Fully Autonomous AI Agents Should Not be Developed**

“_Our analysis reveals that risks to people increase with the autonomy of a system: The more control a user cedes to an AI agent, the more risks to people arise. Particularly concerning are safety risks, which affect human life and impact further values._”

Mitchell, M. et al. (2025) 'Fully Autonomous AI Agents Should Not be Developed,' arXiv (Cornell University) [Preprint]. doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.02.

#AI #ArtificialIntelligence #Preprint #Academia #Academics @ai

arXiv logo
arXiv.orgFully Autonomous AI Agents Should Not be DevelopedThis paper argues that fully autonomous AI agents should not be developed. In support of this position, we build from prior scientific literature and current product marketing to delineate different AI agent levels and detail the ethical values at play in each, documenting trade-offs in potential benefits and risks. Our analysis reveals that risks to people increase with the autonomy of a system: The more control a user cedes to an AI agent, the more risks to people arise. Particularly concerning are safety risks, which affect human life and impact further values.
Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **The human-driven ecological success of olive trees over the last 3700 years in the Central Mediterranean**

_“We hypothesize that cultural exchanges between Sicily and the Aegean in the Early-Middle Bronze Age have promoted the use of wild olive trees in the Messina area. At that time, olive trees could have been used for various purposes, including fruit production, but also wood and forage for animals. The development of olive groves followed a gradual, multi-stage process in the Central Mediterranean, with large-scale cultivation appearing only in modern times.”_

Palli, J. et al. (2025) 'The human-driven ecological success of olive trees over the last 3700 years in the Central Mediterranean,' Quaternary Science Reviews, 356, p. 109313. doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.20.

#OpenAccess#OA#Article
Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 🌍 **Global gridded population datasets systematically underrepresent rural population**

_“We find large discrepancies between the examined datasets, and, without exception, significant negative biases of −53%, −65%, −67%, −68%, and −84% for WorldPop, GWP, GRUMP, LandScan, and GHS-POP, respectively. This implies that rural population is, even in the most accurate dataset, underestimated by half compared to reported figures.”_

Láng-Ritter, J., Keskinen, M. & Tenkanen, H. Global gridded population datasets systematically underrepresent rural population. Nat Commun 16, 2170 (2025). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-569.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Geography #Science #Data #Population #Environment #Academia #Academics @geography @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **Paper self-citation: An unexplored phenomenon**

_“In total, we obtained 44,857 papers that have self-citation relations in the WoS raw dataset. In part, they are database artefacts but in part they are due to papers citing themselves in the conclusion or appendix. We also found cases where paper self-citations occur due to publisher-made highlights promoting and citing the paper.”_

Haunschild, R. and Bornmann, L. (2025) Paper self-citation: An unexplored phenomenon. arxiv.org/abs/2503.04324v1.

arXiv logo
arXiv.orgPaper self-citation: An unexplored phenomenonIn this study, we investigated a phenomenon that one intuitively would assume does not exist: self-citations on the paper basis. Actually, papers citing themselves do exist in the Web of Science (WoS) database. In total, we obtained 44,857 papers that have self-citation relations in the WoS raw dataset. In part, they are database artefacts but in part they are due to papers citing themselves in the conclusion or appendix. We also found cases where paper self-citations occur due to publisher-made highlights promoting and citing the paper. We analyzed the self-citing papers according to selected metadata. We observed accumulations of the number of self-citing papers across publication years. We found a skewed distribution across countries, journals, authors, fields, and document types. Finally, we discuss the implications of paper self-citations for bibliometric indicators.
#Academia#Academics#SelfCitation
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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **A structured coalescent model reveals deep ancestral structure shared by all modern humans**

_“Using cobraa, we present evidence for an extended period of structure in the history of all modern humans, in which two ancestral populations that diverged ~1.5 million years ago came together in an admixture event ~300 thousand years ago, in a ratio of ~80:20%.”_

Cousins, T., Scally, A. & Durbin, R. A structured coalescent model reveals deep ancestral structure shared by all modern humans. Nat Genet (2025). doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-021.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Science #Genetics #Genome #Academia #Academics @science

Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **Analyzing wealth distribution effects of artificial intelligence: A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach**

_"Our findings highlight a temporal dichotomy in AI's effects on wealth inequality: in the short term, AI exacerbates disparities in wealth distribution, while the long-term outcomes depend on the extent of AI's influence across different technological domains. The nuanced nature of AI-driven technological progress leads to distinct consequences for the rate of return on capital—showing short-term increases across all forms of technological progress, but with varying long-term effects."_

Liu, F. and Liang, C. (2025) 'Analyzing Wealth Distribution Effects of Artificial Intelligence: A Dynamic Stochastic general Equilibrium approach,' Heliyon, 11(2), p. e41943. doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #Technology #Tech #Economics #Finance #Academia #Academics @ai @economics

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **Late Wittgenstein’s money**

_“In particular, I first consider the inflation hypothesis as a derivative of the commodity theory of money and therefore inherently linked to a purely quantitative regime of monetary management. I then argue that, based on the hinge proposition that money is a creature of law, money’s value might instead be grasped and engaged on the basis of its political and qualitative dimensions.”_

Steininger, L.E. (2025) ‘Late Wittgenstein’s money’, Finance and Society, pp. 1–8. doi: doi.org/10.1017/fas.2024.27.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Finance #Society #Monetarism #Wittgenstein #Philosophy #Money #Academia #Academics @finance @philosophy

Cambridge CoreLate Wittgenstein’s money | Finance and Society | Cambridge CoreLate Wittgenstein’s money
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Sara Teinturier

The very reason why I've not landed on BlueSky, whereas it means to be more isolated as most of my colleagues, when they quit X or Facebook, move to BS.
Till now, on Mastodon, fewer connections, but better engagement.

(about the AT protocol BS uses)
"The intention to create a platform that users can leave at will, without losing their social connections, does not mean users can _actually_ do this. It’s a technical possibility tied to an organisational promise, rather than a federated structure that enables people to move between services if they become frustrated by Bluesky".

blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocial

Impact of Social Sciences - Maximizing the impact of academic research · Bluesky will trap academics in the same way Twitter/X did - Impact of Social SciencesCommercial platforms & social media companies are designed to maximise switching costs to retain users. Will Bluesky do the same for academics?
#fediverse#bluesky#academics
Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **Parallel scaling of elite wealth in ancient Roman and modern cities with implications for understanding urban inequality**

_"These patterns suggest the presence of an ancient, enduring mechanism underlying urban inequality. Supported by an agent-based network simulation and informed by the settlement scaling theory, we propose that the observed patterns arise from common preferential attachment in social networks—a simple, yet powerful, driver of unequal access to interaction potential."_

Carleton, W.C., Elton, H., Miranda, W. et al. Parallel scaling of elite wealth in ancient Roman and modern cities with implications for understanding urban inequality. Nat Cities (2025). doi.org/10.1038/s44284-025-002.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Ancient #Roman #Cities #Academia #Academics @archaeodons

Public
Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🔴 **Ancient genomes reveal trans-Eurasian connections between the European Huns and the Xiongnu Empire**

_“We provide new compelling evidence on the origins of the Hun-period population, its considerable diversity and its ties to the steppe and the Xiongnu elites.”_

G.A. Gnecchi-Ruscone, Z. Rácz, S. Liccardo, J. Lee, Y. Huang, L. Traverso, R. Radzevičiūtė, Z. Hajnal, A. Szécsényi-Nagy, B. Gyuris, O. Mateovics-László, Z. Bernert, T. Szeniczey, T. Hajdu, B. Mészáros, M. Bálint, B.G. Mende, B. Miller, Z. Samashev, A. Childebayeva, L. Djansugurova, P. Geary, H. Ringbauer, T. Vida, C. Jeong, W. Pohl, J. Krause, & Z. Hofmanová, Ancient genomes reveal trans-Eurasian connections between the European Huns and the Xiongnu Empire, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (9) e2418485122, doi.org/10.1073/pnas.241848512 (2025).

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Anthropology #Science #Biology #Ancient #Genomes #DNA #Eurasia #Huns #Xiongnu #MiddleAges #Academia #Academics @science @biology @anthropology

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